Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) High Sensitivity ELISA

High Sensitivity ELISA for Interleukin-1β (IL-1β): Overview and Applications

Introduction: The High Sensitivity ELISA is specifically designed to detect and quantify Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) at very low concentrations in serum, plasma, or cell culture samples. This advanced assay provides enhanced sensitivity and precision, allowing for accurate measurements of IL-1β below conventional detection limits.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β):

1. Background:
• Discovery and Forms: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) was first identified in 1972 as lymphocyte activating factor (LAF) due to its impact on thymocytes. It exists in two molecular forms: IL-1α and IL-1β. Both are polypeptide cytokines with similar biological activities but are derived from different genes.
• Molecular Characteristics: IL-1α and IL-1β both have a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa, though they differ in isoelectric points (IL-1α: pH 5, IL-1β: pH 7). IL-1β is secreted into the extracellular space, whereas IL-1α is mainly membrane-associated.
2. Biological Functions:
• Acute Phase Response: IL-1β stimulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins in the liver, which are critical for the body's response to inflammation and infection.
• Chemotaxis and Cell Activation: It promotes the migration of polymorphonuclear cells and their release from the blood and bone marrow, enhancing the immune response.
• Endogenous Pyrogen: IL-1β acts as an endogenous pyrogen, inducing fever and potentially contributing to muscle wasting through the release of proteolysis inducing factor (PIF).
3. Regulation and Expression:
• Normal Serum Levels: IL-1β is typically present at low levels in normal serum.
• Induction: Expression of IL-1β is upregulated in response to tissue damage, infection, and inflammatory stimuli.
• Associated Conditions:
• Infectious Diseases: Elevated IL-1β levels are linked to various infectious diseases.
• Non-Infectious Inflammatory Conditions: Increased IL-1β is observed in conditions such as Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis (in synovial fluids), and in cerebrospinal fluid following neurological inflammation or injury.
• Regulatory Role: Reduced levels of IL-1β may occur in cases of malnutrition and advanced neoplasia, reflecting its complex role in immune regulation and physiological processes.

Applications of the High Sensitivity ELISA:

1. Research:
• Detailed Analysis: The High Sensitivity ELISA allows for precise measurement of IL-1β in low-concentration samples, aiding in research on its role in various diseases and physiological processes.
• Comparative Studies: It enables detailed comparison of IL-1β levels across different conditions and treatments, contributing to a better understanding of its regulatory mechanisms.
2. Clinical Diagnostics:
• Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases: The assay can be used to monitor IL-1β levels in patients with inflammatory and infectious conditions, providing insights into disease progression and treatment efficacy.
• Autoimmune Diseases: Elevated IL-1β levels in synovial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid can be indicative of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and neurological inflammation, respectively.
• Prognostic Marker: Changes in IL-1β levels can serve as prognostic indicators for various diseases, guiding therapeutic decisions and monitoring patient responses.

Conclusion: The High Sensitivity ELISA for IL-1β offers an advanced tool for the precise measurement of this cytokine at very low concentrations. Its applications in research and clinical diagnostics are significant for understanding the role of IL-1β in inflammation, immune responses, and various disease states. The ability to detect and quantify IL-1β with high sensitivity enhances the ability to study and monitor conditions associated with this cytokine.

This ELISA Kit from Tecan IBL International is for research use only.

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