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GRO (Growth Related Oncogene):
- Type: Polypeptide chemokine.
- Family: Belongs to the IL-8 family of chemokines.
Isoforms:
- GROα (MGSA): Also known as Melanoma Growth Stimulating Activity.
- GROβ
- GROγ
Functions:
- Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Proliferation: GROs are known to inhibit the proliferation of endothelial cells.
- Leukocyte Chemotaxis: GROα, in particular, is involved in the chemotaxis of leukocytes.
Purification and Identification:
- Original Purification: GRO/CINC-2 (Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant 2) was purified from media conditioned by IL-1β-stimulated rat kidney epithelioid cells (NRK-52E).
- Rat CINC-1: The amino acid sequence encoding rat CINC-1 was identified in 1989 by Watanabe’s group at Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University.
Rat CXC Chemokines:
- CINC-1: A member of the alpha (CXC) subfamily of chemokines.
- CINC-2: Another member of the alpha (CXC) subfamily.
- CINC-2a, CINC-2β, and CINC-3/MIP-2: Additional rat CXC chemokines.
Sequence Identity:
- CINC-1: 63% - 67% identical to CINC-2a, CINC-2β, and CINC-3/MIP-2.
- GRO Isoforms: GROα, GROβ, and GROγ share 68%, 71%, and 69% identity with CINC-2, respectively.
Relationship between CINCs and GROs:
- Homology: The similarities in amino acid sequences suggest that CINCs are the rat counterparts of human GROs.
- Functional Similarity: The structural and functional properties of GROs and CINCs are closely related, reflecting their evolutionary conservation and similar roles in immune responses.
Summary: GRO proteins, including GROα, GROβ, and GROγ, are chemokines in the IL-8 family with significant roles in inflammation and immune response. They inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and are involved in leukocyte chemotaxis. The identification and characterization of GRO and its rat counterparts, CINCs, highlight their structural and functional similarities, underscoring their importance in chemotactic and inflammatory processes.
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