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GRO (Growth Related Oncogene) Overview
- Family: Belongs to the IL-8 family of chemokines.
- Isoforms: Three isoforms identified:
- GROα
- GROβ
- GROγ
Molecular Characteristics:
- Sequence Homology:
- CINC-1: Originally purified from media conditioned by IL-1β-stimulated rat kidney epithelioid cells (NRK-52E).
- Rat CXC Chemokines: CINC-1 shares 63-67% sequence identity with CINC-2a, CINC-2β, and CINC-3/MIP-2.
- Human GRO Isoforms:
- GROα shares 68% identity with CINC-1.
- GROβ shares 71% identity with CINC-1.
- GROγ shares 69% identity with CINC-1.
- GROα/MGSA: Shows high homology with IL-8 in amino acid sequences.
Functional Characteristics:
- Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Proliferation: GRO is known to inhibit the proliferation of endothelial cells.
- Leukocyte Chemotaxis: GROα exhibits similar leukocyte chemotactic activity to IL-8, which is significant for immune responses and inflammation.
CINC (Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant):
- CINC-1: A member of the alpha (CXC) subfamily of chemokines.
- Rat Counterparts: CINCs are considered rat counterparts to human GRO proteins.
Summary: GRO proteins are important chemokines within the IL-8 family that include isoforms with distinct but overlapping functions. They play critical roles in modulating immune responses and inflammation. GRO proteins, particularly GROα, share significant sequence homology with IL-8 and exhibit similar functional properties, including the regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis and inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. The identification of CINCs as rat counterparts of human GROs underscores the evolutionary and functional similarities between these chemokines across species.
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