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GRO (Growth Regulated Oncogene)
- Overview: GRO is a chemokine belonging to the IL-8 family, known for its role in inflammation and immune response. It is a polypeptide with three isoforms: GROα, GROβ, and GROγ.
- Isoforms:
- GROα: Also known as MGSA (Melanoma Growth Stimulating Activity). It shares high homology with IL-8.
- GROβ
- GROγ
- Molecular Characteristics:
- Identity: The isoforms GROα, GROβ, and GROγ share 68%, 71%, and 69% sequence identity with CINC-1 (cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1) respectively.
- Function: GRO is known to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis.
- Production: Produced by a variety of cell types including:
- Activated Monocytes
- Fibroblasts
- Epithelial Cells
- Endothelial Cells
- Functional Characteristics:
- Leukocyte Chemotaxis: GROα, in particular, has been reported to exhibit similar levels of leukocyte chemotaxis as IL-8.
- 3D Structure: GROα has a similar 3D structural configuration to IL-8, highlighting functional and structural similarities.
- CINC-1 Relation: GRO/CINC-1 was originally purified from media conditioned by IL-1β-stimulated rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E). CINC-1 is considered the rat counterpart of human GRO proteins.
Summary
GRO proteins, including GROα, GROβ, and GROγ, are key chemokines in the IL-8 family involved in inflammatory responses. They are produced by various cell types and are known for their roles in leukocyte chemotaxis and inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. GROα, in particular, shows high homology with IL-8 and exhibits similar functional properties, making it a significant molecule for studying inflammation and immune responses
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