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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)
Overview:
- Function: GM-CSF is a small glycoprotein growth factor that stimulates the production and function of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.
- Production: Produced by various tissue types, including:
- Fibroblasts
- Endothelial cells
- T cells
- Macrophages
- Mesothelial cells
- Epithelial cells
- Tumor cells
Gene Expression and Regulation:
- Induction: GM-CSF gene expression is induced by inflammatory mediators such as:
- Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
- Endotoxins
- Regulation: This induction occurs partly through post-transcriptional modifications of GM-CSF mRNA.
Biological Effects:
- Mechanism: GM-CSF exerts its effects by binding to cell surface receptors. These receptors are widely expressed on hematopoietic cells and some non-hematopoietic cells, including endothelial cells.
- Receptor Classes:
- Neutrophil GM-CSF Receptor: Exclusively binds GM-CSF.
- Second Class of Receptors: Found on some leukemic cell lines, allowing GM-CSF to compete with interleukin-3 (IL-3) for binding.
Clinical Relevance: Monitoring GM-CSF levels can be crucial in various clinical contexts, including:
- Cancer:
- Human Prostate Cancer
- Thyroid Carcinoma
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Lung Cancer
- Hematological Malignancies
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Infection and Inflammation:
- Fungal Infections
- Pulmonary Inflammation
- Severe Mucositis
- Infection
- Other Clinical Conditions:
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- AIDS
- Poorly Healing Wounds
Summary: GM-CSF is a critical cytokine involved in the regulation of myeloid cell production and function. Its diverse role in immune responses and its association with various diseases make it an important biomarker for monitoring disease progression and response to treatment in clinical settings.
This ELISA Kit from Tecan IBL International is for research use only.
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