G-CSF ELISA

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF): Overview and Key Points

Introduction: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a pivotal cytokine involved in the regulation and promotion of hematopoiesis, particularly in the production and maintenance of granulocytes, which are essential components of the immune system.

Molecular Characteristics:

• Structure: G-CSF is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa. It is composed of about 174 amino acids and has a three-dimensional structure that allows it to bind specifically to its receptor on target cells.
• Production: It is secreted by various types of cells, including macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and certain tumor cells.

Biological Functions:

• Hematopoiesis: G-CSF stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and hematopoietic stem cells. It acts on the progenitor cells in the bone marrow to promote their proliferation and differentiation into granulocytes, particularly neutrophils.
• Cell Release: G-CSF promotes the release of mature granulocytes from the bone marrow into the bloodstream, thus increasing the number of circulating neutrophils.
• Support of Neutrophil Function: It enhances the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and functional activity of neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils. G-CSF also improves neutrophil response to infections by promoting their mobilization and activity.

Clinical Applications:

• Neutropenia Treatment: G-CSF is used clinically to treat neutropenia (low levels of neutrophils) that can occur as a side effect of chemotherapy or due to other conditions affecting bone marrow function. It helps reduce the risk of infections in patients with neutropenia by increasing neutrophil counts.
• Bone Marrow Transplantation: It is also used to support bone marrow recovery after transplantation by stimulating the production of hematopoietic cells.
• Chronic and Acute Conditions: G-CSF may be utilized in various chronic conditions and acute infections to boost the immune response by increasing the availability of neutrophils.

Regulation and Receptors:

• G-CSF Receptor (G-CSFR): The effects of G-CSF are mediated through its receptor, G-CSFR, which is expressed on the surface of granulocyte progenitor cells and mature neutrophils. Binding of G-CSF to G-CSFR activates intracellular signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation and survival.

Research and Development:

• Therapeutic Development: G-CSF has been a subject of extensive research and development, leading to the creation of recombinant forms of the cytokine that are used in clinical practice. The effectiveness of G-CSF in managing neutropenia and supporting hematopoiesis has been well-documented, making it a valuable tool in both clinical and research settings.

Summary: G-CSF is a critical cytokine for the production and maintenance of granulocytes, particularly neutrophils. Its ability to stimulate the bone marrow, promote the survival and proliferation of granulocyte precursors, and enhance the functional activity of mature neutrophils underscores its importance in hematopoiesis and immune system support. Its clinical applications in treating neutropenia and supporting bone marrow recovery highlight its significance in medical therapies.

This ELISA Kit from Tecan IBL International is for research use only.

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