Fully reduced HMGB1, LPS-free - 15 µg

Chemokine-HMGB1: A Natural Protein for Studying Inflammation and Tissue Repair

Overview: HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1) is a vital nuclear protein that plays diverse roles depending on its biochemical form. It is passively released by necrotic cells, retained by apoptotic cells, and actively secreted by inflammatory cells. Given its critical functions, HMGB1 knockout mice exhibit severe developmental issues and die shortly after birth.

Forms of HMGB1: Recent research has identified two distinct forms of HMGB1 based on their functional activities:

1. Chemokine-HMGB1:
• Characteristics: This form of HMGB1 is fully reduced and primarily acts as a chemoattractant. It is involved in recruiting inflammatory cells and stem cells, thereby promoting tissue repair and stem cell proliferation.
• Functions:
• Chemoattraction: Attracts inflammatory cells and stem cells to sites of injury or inflammation.
• Dendritic Cell Activation: Facilitates dendritic cell maturation and migration to lymph nodes.
• Cytokine Induction: Does not independently induce cytokine secretion; this occurs when Chemokine-HMGB1 interacts with other molecules such as LPS, single-stranded DNA, or IL-1beta (Sha et al., 2008, J Immunol, 180:2531-7; Youn et al., 2008, J Immunol, 180:5067-74).
2. Cytokine-HMGB1:
• Characteristics: Contains a disulfide bond between cysteine residues C23 and C45, which is crucial for its cytokine-inducing activity.
• Functions:
• Cytokine Release: Promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines (Yang et al., 2012, Mol Med, 18(3):250-259).

Product Information:

• Chemokine-HMGB1: The protein provided here is the natural, fully reduced form of HMGB1, without additional tags or amino acids. It is produced in E. coli from a plasmid encoding the rat protein (Müller et al., 2001, Biochemistry, 40:10254-61).
• Applications:
• Chemotactic Studies: Ideal for investigating the chemotactic properties of HMGB1 and its role in tissue repair.
• Inflammation Research: Useful for studying how HMGB1 interacts with cells and other molecules in inflammatory processes.
• Experimental Settings: Suitable for a range of experimental settings focused on the mechanisms of chemotaxis and tissue repair.

Significance: Chemokine-HMGB1 is an important tool for understanding the role of HMGB1 in inflammation and tissue repair. Its natural form allows researchers to study its effects without interference from additional modifications, providing insights into its functional mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications.

This Immunoassay from Tecan IBL International is for research use only.

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